How to install Puppet 7 on Ubuntu 18.0.4 | Puppet Master install Ubuntu 18.0.4 | Setup Puppet 7 on Ubuntu

Puppet is a configuration management tool, similar to Ansible, Chef and SaltStack. Puppet also can be used for automating infrastrcture as well.

• Configuration management tool
• Used for infrastructure automation as well 
• An open source, written in Ruby
• Uses Domain Specific Language (DSL) to describe system configuration
• Comes in two version - Open source & Puppet Enterprise 
• Puppet is based in client/server model.  

The server does all the automation of tasks on nodes/servers that have a client(agent) installed. The work of the Puppet agent is to send facts to the puppet master and request a catalog based on certain interval level(default time 30 mins). Once it receives a catalog, Puppet agent applies it to the node by checking each resource the catalog describes. It makes relevant changes to attain the desired state. The work of the Puppet master is to control configuration information.  Each managed agent node requests its own configuration catalog from the master.

We will see how to setup Puppet Master in Ubuntu 18.0.4.

Watch the steps for setting up Puppet Master:

Pre-requisites:
Install Puppet master on new Ubuntu with medium instance
port 8140 needs to be opened.

Steps:
First let us see how to install Puppet 7.x on Ubuntu 18.0.4.

Steps for Puppet Master Installation
Modify Puppet Master Hosts file to add hostname of Puppet Master
sudo vi /etc/hosts

Download puppet installables

sudo curl -O https://apt.puppetlabs.com/puppet7-release-bionic.deb
sudo dpkg -i puppet7-release-bionic.deb
sudo apt-get update

Install Puppet

sudo apt-get install puppetserver -y

sudo systemctl enable puppetserver.service

 

(the above command is to start the service during starting the Ubuntu instance)

Start Puppet Server

sudo systemctl start puppetserver.service  

(The above command is for starting the server and this may take some time)         








sudo systemctl status puppetserver.service

Now press q to come out of window.

Add puppet master ip address and puppet next to it like shown below

This confirms that Puppet Master is installed successfully.

Verify which version of Puppet installed by executing below command:
apt policy puppetserver

Set Puppet into Path

sudo cp /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet /usr/bin/ -v

sudo cp /opt/puppetlabs/puppet/bin/gem  /usr/bin/ -v

Check Puppet version

puppet --version

It should displays something like below:

7.3.0

Install AWS SDK Gems

You need to install the aws-sdk-core and retries gems as root (or superuser):
sudo gem install aws-sdk-core retries

Done installing documentation for retries after 0 seconds
6 gems installed

Also install AWS SDK for accessing resources in AWS
sudo gem install aws-sdk -v 2.0.42

Done installing documentation for retries after 0 seconds
4 gems installed

Install puppet-labs-aws module
sudo puppet module install puppetlabs-aws

That's it. Puppet Master is setup successfully!!!! You can watch the above steps in YouTube as well. 

Ansible Vs Puppet - What is the difference between Ansible and Puppet

This is one of the common DevOps interview questions. What is the difference between Ansible and Puppet? When will you choose Ansible over Puppet?

	Ansible	Puppet
Introduced	2012	2005
Written in?	Python	Java & Ruby
Syntax	Playbooks(YAML file)	Domain specific language
Model	Push	Pull
Architecture	Agent-less	Client/server
Deployments	Fast, simple deployments	Larger, complex deployments
Commercial version	Ansible Tower	Puppet Enterprise
Scheduling	not supported in free version	Default time 30 mins in Open Source puppet

How to install Puppet 6 on Ubuntu 18.0.4 | Puppet Master install Ubuntu 18.0.4 | Setup Puppet on Ubuntu

Puppet is a configuration management tool, similar to Ansible, Chef and SaltStack. Puppet also can be used for automating infrastrcture as well.

Puppet is based in client/server model. The server does all the automation of tasks on nodes/servers that have a client(agent) installed. The work of the Puppet agent is to send facts to the puppet master and request a catalog based on certain interval level(default time 30 mins). Once it receives a catalog, Puppet agent applies it to the node by checking each resource the catalog describes. It makes relevant changes to attain the desired state. The work of the Puppet master is to control configuration information.  Each managed agent node requests its own configuration catalog from the master.

We will see how to setup Puppet Master in Ubuntu 18.0.4.

Pre-requistes:
Install Puppet master on new Ubuntu with medium instance
port 8140 needs to be opened.

Steps:
First let us see how to install Puppet 6.x on Ubuntu 18.0.4.

Steps for Puppet Master Installation
1. Modify Puppet Master Hosts file to add hostname of Puppet Master
sudo vi /etc/hosts

2. Download puppet installable

curl -O https://apt.puppetlabs.com/puppet6-release-bionic.deb
sudo dpkg -i puppet6-release-bionic.deb
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install puppetserver -y

sudo ufw allow 8140
sudo systemctl enable puppetserver.service

(the above command is to start the service during starting the Ubuntu instance)
sudo systemctl start puppetserver.service           








(The above command is for starting the server and this may take some time)
sudo systemctl status puppetserver.service

Now press q to come out of window.

Add puppet master ip address and puppet next to it like shown below

This confirms that Puppet Master is installed successfully.

Verify which version of Puppet installed by executing below command:
apt policy puppetserver

2. you need to install the aws-sdk-core and retries gems as root (or superuser):
sudo /opt/puppetlabs/puppet/bin/gem install aws-sdk-core retries

Done installing documentation for retries after 0 seconds
6 gems installed

3. Also install AWS SDK for accessing resources in AWS
sudo /opt/puppetlabs/puppet/bin/gem install aws-sdk -v 2.0.42

Done installing documentation for retries after 0 seconds
4 gems installed

4. Now you can install puppet-labs-aws module
sudo /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet module install puppetlabs-aws

That's it. Puppet Master is setup successfully!!!! You can watch the above steps in YouTube as well.

Provision EC2 instance using Puppet on AWS - Puppet to create EC2 instances in AWS

Puppet is an Infrastructure provisioning tool, similar to Ansible, Chef. We will see how to create EC2 instances in AWS using Puppet in this article.

Please watch the steps in action in YouTube:

 

How to provision an EC2 instance using Puppet?

Pre-requisites:
Make sure you have installed Puppet Master along with required AWS SDK gems
Make sure you have access keys+ secret keys created.

Go to the instance where you have installed Puppet Master.

cd ~

Now you need to create AWS credentials file. Create .aws directory under /home/ubuntu
sudo mkdir ~/.aws

Create the file to add credentials. make sure you give access key and secret keys:

sudo vi ~/.aws/credentials

[default]

aws_access_key_id = ?

aws_secret_access_key = ?

Now execute the below command just to make sure it is showing the information about current instance by executing below command:

sudo /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet resource ec2_instance

if you have any error, apply the below fix:
puppet module install puppetlabs-aws --force

Now let us create puppet modules to create new EC2 instance. Go into modules directory.

cd /opt/puppetlabs/puppet/modules/

create directory by 

sudo mkdir aws-examples

cd aws-examples

Go to VPC dashboard by typing VPC

Click on Subnets.

Make sure you give subnet name as subnet Ids. Copy any subnet ID and use it below:

Create Puppet Manifests

Create the below file called create-ec2.pp by executing below command:

sudo vi create-ec2.pp 

and then copy below code, make sure you change region, subnet name and key name based on yours

ec2_instance { 'Puppet Agent':

    ensure              => present,

    region              => 'us-east-2',
    image_id            => 'ami-07c1207a9d40bc3bd',
    instance_type       => 't2.small',
    security_groups     => ['mySecurityGroup'],
    subnet              => 'subnet-cd310ab7',

    key_name            => 'mykeyName',

  }

ec2_securitygroup { 'mySecurityGroup':
  region      => 'us-east-2',
  ensure      => present,
  description => 'Security group for aws Ec2 instance',
ingress     => [{
    protocol => 'tcp',
    port     => 8080,
    cidr     => '0.0.0.0/0',
  },{
    protocol => 'tcp',
    port     => 80,
    cidr     => '0.0.0.0/0',
  },{
    protocol => 'tcp',
    port     => 22,
    cidr     => '0.0.0.0/0',
 }],
  tags        => {
    tag_name  => 'mySecurityGroup',
},
}

You need to change all the values (high lighted above) per your settings. Make sure you also change the subnet id per your settings. you need to follow the below steps

13. Now execute the below command to create EC2 instance.

sudo /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet apply create-ec2.pp

If no errors, login to EC2 console to see the newly created instance.

Note:

If you would like destroy, just change to absent (This STEP is not required for this lab)

sudo vi destroy-ec2.pp

ec2_instance { 

   'Puppet Agent':

    ensure              => absent,
    region              => 'us-east-2',
    image_id            => 'ami-07c1207a9d40bc3bd',
    instance_type       => 't2.micro',
    security_groups     => ['mySecurityGroup'],
    subnet              => 'subnet-aff937d5',

    key_name            => 'mykeyName',

  }

sudo /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet apply destroy-ec2.pp

the above command will destroy EC2 instance that was created.

How to configure Puppet Master and integrate with Puppet Agent/nodes on Ubuntu 18.0.4 | Puppet Master and Agent integration

Puppet uses Client/Server model. The server does all the automation of tasks on nodes/servers that have a client(agent) installed. The work of the Puppet agent is to send facts to the puppet master and request a catalog based on certain interval level(default time 30 mins). Once it receives a catalog, Puppet agent applies it to the node by checking each resource the catalog describes. It makes relevant changes to attain the desired state. The work of the Puppet master is to control configuration information.  Each managed agent node requests its own configuration catalog from the master.

Please find the steps needed for Integrating Puppet master and agent on Ubuntu 18.0.4:

Watch the steps in YouTube video:

Pre-requisites:

a) One Ubuntu instance for Puppet Master - this instance should have 4 GB RAM, in AWS instance type should be at least t2.medium. Master ubuntu EC2 should have a security group to ensure that below ports are open in security firewall
        * TCP 8140 - Agents will talk to the master on this port(puppet enterprise)
        * TCP 22 - To login to the server/instance using SSH

b) one Ubuntu instance as node which will have agent installed - This can be micro instance.

1 Steps for Puppet Master:
Modify Puppet Master Hosts file to add hostname of Puppet Master
sudo vi /etc/hosts

(Add puppet master ip address and puppet next to it like shown below)

Download Puppet Master installation packages

curl -O https://apt.puppetlabs.com/puppet6-release-bionic.deb
sudo dpkg -i puppet6-release-bionic.deb
sudo apt-get update

Install Puppet Master

sudo apt-get install puppetserver -y

sudo ufw allow 8140
sudo systemctl enable puppetserver.service

(the above command is to start the service during starting the Ubuntu instance)
sudo systemctl start puppetserver.service           
(The above command is for starting the server and this may take some time)










sudo systemctl status puppetserver.service

Now press q to come out of window.

Verify version of Puppet Master

apt policy puppetserver

2 - Steps for Puppet Agent

Step 2.1 First edit the hosts file on the puppet agent by modifying /etc/hosts
sudo vi /etc/hosts
# Please add Puppet Master server IP address and space and enter puppet
puppet_master_ip_address   puppet

(please do not use public DNS name, use only private IP address)  

Press Ctrl O for saving and then enter
Press Ctrl X for exit after saving.

Step 2.2 — Installing Puppet Agent on server node that Puppet master will manage
curl -O https://apt.puppetlabs.com/puppet6-release-bionic.deb
sudo dpkg -i puppet6-release-bionic.deb
sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install puppet-agent -y

sudo systemctl enable puppet

sudo systemctl restart puppet

sudo systemctl status puppet

 




Now press q to come out of window.

Step 3 - Signing certificates on Puppet Master
The first time you run the Puppet agent, it generates an SSL certificate and sends a signing request to the Puppet master. After the Puppet master signs the agent's certificate, it will be able to communicate  with and control the agent node.

First list the unsigned certificates on puppet master EC2 instance

sudo /opt/puppetlabs/server/bin/puppetserver ca list

The above command will list agent ip address.
  "your_puppet_Agent_Ec2_private_dns_name"  (SHA256) 46:19:79:3F:70:19:0A:FB:DA:3D:C8:74:47:EF:C8:B0:05:8A:06:50:2B:40:B3:B9:26:35:F6:96:17:85:5E:7C

Now sign the Puppet agent IP address.
sudo /opt/puppetlabs/server/bin/puppetserver ca sign --certname AgentEc2_private_dnsname

Step 4 - Verifying installation by creating Manifests in Puppet Master

The puppet manifest file is the actual file which contains the configuration details for the agents. This file is centrally stored at Puppet Master.

sudo nano /etc/puppetlabs/code/environments/production/manifests/site.pp
#copy the below yellow lines in the above file
    file {'/tmp/puppet_test.txt':                        # resource type file and filename
    ensure  => present,                             # make sure it exists
    mode    => '0644',                              # file permissions
  content => "Hello from Puppet master to agent on ${ipaddress_eth0}!\n",  # Print the eth0 IP fact
    }

Press Ctrl O for saving and then enter
Press Ctrl X for exit after saving.

Step 5 - Apply Manifests in Puppet Agent
apply the changes in puppet agent by executing below command:
sudo /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet agent --test

 


You should see a file being modified in /tmp/puppet_works.txt in agent(node).
You can confirm by typing this command on puppet node 

sudo cat /tmp/puppet_test.txt
Hello from Puppet master to agent on IP_address!!

That's it! you have set up Puppet Master and configured agent on the target node successfully!

Puppet Install LAMP stack on Ubuntu | How to install LAMP stack using Puppet on Ubuntu 18.0.4 Node

How to install LAMP (Apache, MySQL, PHP) stack in Ubuntu 18.0.4?

Pre-requisites:

Pupper master up and running

Puppet agent is installed on the node.

Watch the steps in YouTube channel:

Login to Puppet Master, follow the below steps:

cd /opt/puppetlabs/puppet/modules
sudo mkdir lamp
cd lamp
sudo mkdir manifests

cd manifests

sudo vi init.pp

Copy the below lines in init.pp

class lamp {
# execute 'apt-get update'
exec { 'apt-update':                    # exec resource named 'apt-update'
  command => '/usr/bin/apt-get update'  # command this resource will run
}

# install apache2 package
package { 'apache2':
  require => Exec['apt-update'],        # require 'apt-update' before installing
  ensure => installed,
}

# ensure apache2 service is running
service { 'apache2':
  ensure => running,
}

# install mysql-server package
package { 'mysql-server':
  require => Exec['apt-update'],        # require 'apt-update' before installing
  ensure => installed,
}

# ensure mysql service is running
service { 'mysql':
  ensure => running,
}

# install php7 package
package { 'php7.2-cli':
  require => Exec['apt-update'],        # require 'apt-update' before installing
  ensure => installed,
}

# ensure info.php file exists
file { '/var/www/html/info.php':
  ensure => file,
  content => '<?php  phpinfo(); ?>',    # phpinfo code
  require => Package['apache2'],        # require 'apache2' package before creating
}

}

sudo vi /etc/puppetlabs/code/environments/production/manifests/site.pp
Add below line of code where node should be your target node where you already approved the certificate. the highlighted below section needs to be changed:

node 'your_target_puppet_agent_node_private_DNS_name' {
 include lamp
 }

Now to login to puppet agent node, execute the below command:
sudo /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet agent --test

You should see message like below:

Now make sure Apache is running on the target node by entering the target node(Agent's) public IP address on the browser. You should see Apache home page in the browser.

Install Java 11 using Puppet on Agent - Create Puppet Manifest to Install Java 11 on Ubuntu

Puppet is a software configuration management tool, used for managing software stack on servers. Java also can be managed using Puppet.

Here below are the steps for installing Java using Puppet on Ubuntu:

First install Java modules on Puppet Master using sudo command.

Step 1
sudo /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet module install puppetlabs-java --version 6.2.0
The above command will install Java module on Puppet Master.

Step 2
After that change the manifest in site.pp file in Puppet Master by executing the below command:

sudo vi /etc/puppetlabs/code/environments/production/manifests/site.pp

node 'target_agent_node_private_dns_name' {
        include lamp
        class { 
           'java':
           distribution => 'jre',
        }
}

Step 3
Now go to Puppet Agent node and apply the changes by executing the below command:
sudo /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet agent --test

once you installed, type java -version to confirm Java version

Install Java using Puppet on Agent - Create Puppet Manifest to Install Java on Ubuntu

Puppet is a software configuration management tool, used for managing software stack on servers. Java 8 also can be managed using Puppet.

Here below are the steps for installing Java 8 using Puppet on Ubuntu:

First install Java modules on Puppet Master using sudo command.

Step 1
sudo /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet module install puppetlabs-java --version 2.2.0

The above command will install Java module on Puppet Master.

Step 2
After that change the manifest in site.pp file in Puppet Master by executing the below command:

sudo vi /etc/puppetlabs/code/environments/production/manifests/site.pp

node 'target_node_private_dns_name' {
class { 
    'java':
    distribution => 'jre',
   }
}


Step 3
Now go to Puppet Agent node and apply the changes by executing the below command:

sudo /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet agent --test

Step 4
Check the Java version in the Agent by typing the below command:
java -version

How to create EC2 instance using Puppet - How to provision EC2 instances in AWS using Puppet

Here below is the puppet code to provision an EC2 instance on AWS cloud.

create-ec2.pp

ec2_instance { 'My EC2':

    ensure              => present,

    region              => 'us-east-2',
    image_id            => 'ami-916f59f4',
    instance_type       => 't2.micro',
    security_groups     => ['mySecurityGroup'],
    subnet              => 'subnet-aff937d5',

    key_name            => 'mykeyName',

  }

ec2_securitygroup { 'mySecurityGroup':
  region      => 'us-east-2',
  ensure      => present,
  description => 'Security group for aws Ec2 instance',
ingress     => [{
    protocol => 'tcp',
    port     => 8080,
    cidr     => '0.0.0.0/0',
  },{
    protocol => 'tcp',
    port     => 80,
    cidr     => '0.0.0.0/0',
  },{
    protocol => 'tcp',
    port     => 22,
    cidr     => '0.0.0.0/0',
 }],
  tags        => {
    tag_name  => 'mySecurityGroup',
},
}

And then execute the below command to create EC2 instance.

  sudo /opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet apply create-ec2.pp

Make sure you have access keys and secret keys downloaded from AWS.

sudo vi ~/.aws/credentials

[default]

aws_access_key_id = ?

aws_secret_access_key = ?